Mary found high maternal mortality due to lack of prenatal care, having many children, and no trained mid-wives. She looked into the health status of those living in inaccessible areas with no physicians. She then focused on the poor areas in Kentucky, where she's rooted. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing in New York, worked as public health nurse in Boston and Washington D.C., served as nurse during World War I in France through the American Red Cross, and furthered her study at Columbia University after WWI. This was the most notable accounts of Mary Breckinridge that are associated with her decision to dedicate her life in improving health of poor women and children in rural areas of America.īreckinridge became a registered nurse 1910 at St. Unfortunately, though, her 2 own children did not endure childhood. And in the 12th of April, 1912, Clarissa Harlowe Barton died.įounder of the New Model of Rural Health Care & Frontier Nursing Service (1881 to 1965) Mary Breckinridge came from an influential family and enjoyed a privileged childhood. They were just adamant of carrying nurse kits with them all the time to be of any help whenever required.īarton served the American Red Cross until 1904, and established National First Aid Association of America, wherein she was honorary president for 5 years. This also led to the expansion of International Red Cross relief efforts, covering victims of natural disasters, called the American Amendment. Soon after the establishment of the organization, relief efforts will have to be brought outside the soil of the United States, seeing no differences of colors and races at all. The job for Clara Barton in the American Civil War unfolded as a long start for an even longer humanitarian service, this time serving not just to warzone victims but also to the disaster victims as the American Red Cross advances to becoming a reality. She also helped locate missing men and notify families of their status an activity that ushered the Red Cross tracing services to the humanitarian scene. Not long after successful relief operation, Clara Barton travelled with army ambulances to distribute supplies, nurse victims, give them comfort, and even cook for them. The need for medical supplies was huge and advertising for donations greatly helped. Clara's nursing journey and philanthropic life dawned amid the dark Baltimore riots, organizing relief program for the soldiers. The statistical data she used, the coxcombs as called by her, is now known as Polar Area Diagramįounder of American Red Cross (1821 to 1912) Clarissa Harlowe Barton was a teacher when her feet directed her to tread the more risky life of bringing supplies right in heart of battlefields during the American Civil War, wherein she was rightfully known as the Angel of the Battlefield. Using her mathematical competency, Nightingale collected data and made calculations on mortality rate change as sanitary methods were incorporated in the medical facilities, and soon pressed in all British military hospitals. She introduced multiple sanitary items such as surgical caps. Mortality in military hospitals was 7 times higher than in the actual battlefields, but dropped with Nightingale's help. Wounded and sick soldiers had to share with vermin and go through unhygienic operations, resulting to cholera and typhus epidemic, as well as quick spread of other diseases. The British medical facilities were in dire need of improved sanitary conditions when Florence Nightingale and 38 nurses entered the military hospitals in Scutari. The knowledge and skills Nightingale gained from these experiences equipped her to take the challenges in tending to the British military victims when the Crimean War broke out on 1854. After further trainings in Germany and in France, she voluntarily served as Superintendent at the Establishment for Gentlewomen during Illness in London. Founder of Modern Nursing (1820 to 1920) The history of modern nursing started in 1849, when Florence Nightingale began her first formal nursing training at the Institute of St.
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